International Law
Elham Aminzadeh; mersedeh mazloumi; Amirsaed Vakil
Abstract
Recently, water have become important for the economy and population; therefore, managing of these resources and preserving the environment requires multilateral approaches from states and other international actors. This situation is more complicated when a water source is shared between several states; ...
Read More
Recently, water have become important for the economy and population; therefore, managing of these resources and preserving the environment requires multilateral approaches from states and other international actors. This situation is more complicated when a water source is shared between several states; because the amount of water resources is limited and should be distributed fairly among neighboring states. Because of the optimal management and exploitation of water resources, environment preservation and hydropower development, Germany has been the focus of attention in domestic and cross-border dimensions. The main question is “what is the approach in the German legal documents and practical procedure to deal with the conflicts raised in the field of shared water allocation?” Its solutions can be used in other states to solve the problem of how to distribute shared water between opposite and neighboring states. The solutions are found in the legal documents and its practical procedure, which through analyzing them in an analytical method, the principles of reasonable and fair use, assessment of potential, actual and future needs of states and prevention of damage reserves along with cooperation between states are presented. The maximum amount of service to the whole human society has been inferred.
Abbasali Kadkhodaii; mersedeh mazloumi
Abstract
With the establishment of the European Union, the concept of traditional sovereignty underwent changes; Because on the one hand there is the issue of the sovereignty of European governments and on the other hand there is the issue of the sovereignty of the European Union. In the past, absolute sovereignty ...
Read More
With the establishment of the European Union, the concept of traditional sovereignty underwent changes; Because on the one hand there is the issue of the sovereignty of European governments and on the other hand there is the issue of the sovereignty of the European Union. In the past, absolute sovereignty was defined for governments; But the developments that took place made it possible to define relative sovereignty for legal entities. There are three approaches to governance in the EU. One approach favors the sovereignty of states over the sovereignty of the Union, and the other approaches the sovereignty of the Union over the sovereignty of European states. The third approach is to take the middle ground that neither of the two is superior to the other; in which that the territory of the Union and the member states are defined as two separate territories that do not conflict with each other. In fact, there is no conflict between the tasks of the Union and the member states; Rather, their tasks are in the interests of each other, and the reason for the formation of the Union from the beginning has been to better serve the common interests of European governments.
